Piping Specialties / PSI Controls
https://psi-team.com
800-223-1468
Piping Specialties Inc. (PSI) is one of the northeast's largest suppliers of valves; process controls/instrumentation, and engineered mechanical specialties. Industries served: Power Generation, Pulp/Paper, HVAC, Water/Wastewater, Food/Beverage, Life Sciences, Chemical/ Process, Semiconductor. For more information visit PSI-Team.com or call 800-223-1468.
Ball valves offer simplicity, durability, and tight seals in industrial applications. The valve uses a spherical ball with a hole through the middle, aligning with the pipeline to allow or block flow.
Pressure Drop Characteristics:
- Low Pressure Drop: Fully open ball valves exhibit a low pressure drop due to their straight and unobstructed flow path. The smooth, rounded interior of the ball minimizes turbulence and resistance.
- Impact of Partial Opening: Partially open ball valves significantly increase pressure drop. The fluid navigates around the partially obstructed path, creating turbulence and resistance.
- Valve Size and Flow Rate: Larger ball valves and higher flow rates reduce the relative pressure drop, but designers must consider potential cavitation and erosion.
Gate valves primarily control on/off flow in a pipeline. They consist of a gate (or wedge) that moves up and down to start or stop the flow.Pressure Drop Characteristics:
- Minimal Pressure Drop when Fully Open: Fully open gate valves exhibit very low pressure drops because the gate remains entirely out of the flow path, allowing fluid to pass with minimal resistance.
- High Pressure Drop during Partial Operation: Partially open gate valves significantly increase turbulence and pressure drop, making them unsuitable for throttling applications.
- Design and Maintenance: When open, a straight-through flow path minimizes pressure drop, but over time, wear and tear on the gate and seat can impact performance and increase pressure drop.
Globe valves excel at regulating flow and are used in applications requiring precise flow control. They consist of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a spherical body.Pressure Drop Characteristics:
- Higher Pressure Drop: Globe valves inherently exhibit higher pressure drops than ball and gate valves due to the fluid changing direction as it passes through the valve. The tortuous path creates more resistance.
- Flow Control: Globe valve design makes them ideal for throttling and precise flow control, but this advantage comes with higher pressure drops.
- Valve Position: The valve opening degree significantly affects the pressure drop. Partial opening creates more resistance and higher pressure drops due to increased turbulence.
Butterfly valves control flow using a rotating disc. They are commonly used in applications requiring quick shut-off and suit large-diameter pipes.Pressure Drop Characteristics:
- Moderate Pressure Drop: Fully open butterfly valves exhibit moderate pressure drops because the disc remains in the flow path even when rotated to the open position, creating some obstruction and turbulence.
- Variable Pressure Drop: The pressure drop increases as the valve moves towards the closed position. The partially obstructed disc increases flow resistance and turbulence.
- Efficiency and Application: Butterfly valves efficiently handle large volumes of flow with moderate pressure drops. They are often used in water distribution, HVAC systems, and various industrial applications where space and weight considerations matter.
Several factors influence pressure drop across industrial valves:
When selecting level sensors for food processing applications, it is essential to consider the importance of 3A-certified probes. The 3A Sanitary Standards, developed by the 3-A Sanitary Standards, Inc., set strict guidelines for the design and materials used in equipment that comes into direct contact with food products. By choosing 3A-certified probes, food processors can ensure that their level sensors meet the highest standards of hygiene and cleanability, preventing contamination and ensuring the safety of the final product.
Level control sensors are invaluable tools for inventory management in food processing facilities. By continuously monitoring the levels of ingredients, such as liquids, powders, and solids, in storage tanks and silos, these sensors provide real-time data that helps optimize stock levels and prevent shortages. This information enables food processors to streamline their supply chain, reduce waste, and minimize production downtime caused by insufficient raw materials.
Overfill protection is another critical application of level sensors in food processing. By installing point-level sensors at strategic locations within storage vessels and processing tanks, food processors can detect when the product level reaches a predetermined maximum threshold. These sensors trigger alarms or automatically shut off filling processes, preventing costly and potentially hazardous spills. Overfill protection safeguards against product loss and helps maintain a safe working environment for employees.
Level sensors also contribute to food processing facilities' effective waste management and regulatory control. By accurately monitoring the levels of waste products, such as wastewater or byproducts, food processors can ensure that these substances are correctly handled and disposed of in compliance with environmental regulations. Additionally, level sensors can help food processors meet stringent food safety regulations by precisely measuring ingredient quantities and ensuring that products meet the required specifications.
In conclusion, point and continuous level sensors are indispensable tools in the food processing industry, enabling manufacturers to maintain the highest quality, safety, and efficiency standards. By utilizing 3A-certified probes, implementing level control for inventory management, and leveraging level sensors for overfill protection, waste management, and regulatory power, food processors can optimize their operations and deliver consistently superior products to consumers.
Piping Specialties / PSI ControlsRadar (Radio Detection and Ranging) is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range, altitude, direction, or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as aircraft, ships, motor vehicles, weather formations, and terrain. It transmits a signal, bouncing off the target and returning to the radar system. By analyzing the reflected signal, the radar can determine various parameters about the target.
When discussing FMCW, we are talking about a specific type of radar signal. Here's how FMCW works:
The benefit of FMCW is that the frequency change provides a way to determine the range (distance to an object). There's a delay when the transmitted wave bounces off an object and returns. During this time, the transmitted wave's frequency has changed. By comparing the received wave's frequency to the current transmitted frequency, the radar system can determine how long it took for the wave to return and thus calculate the distance to the object.
FMCW radar is handy because it can be more compact, requires less peak transmit power (because it's continuous wave and not pulsed), and can provide range and speed information simultaneously.
"Open air" in the context of radar transmitters usually refers to systems that operate without waveguides or enclosed transmission mediums. Instead, they transmit their signals directly into the environment. These systems are used in various applications, including vehicle radars (like those used in adaptive cruise control or autonomous vehicles), weather radars, and more.
An open-air radar transmitter that uses FMCW is a radar system that transmits a continuous wave signal directly into the environment, modulating the signal's frequency over time. By analyzing the frequency shift of the returned signal relative to the transmitted signal, the radar can determine the range to the reflecting object. This technology is widely utilized due to its efficiency, compactness, and ability to provide detailed information about detected objects.
Drexelbrook's open-air radar products deliver exceptional resolution and accuracy tailored for demanding applications. These instruments harness FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) technology, ensuring a powerful signal at the measurement surface. This robustness guarantees optimal return signals, even when measuring agitated liquids.
A Drexelbrook radar level transmitter stands out as the optimal choice for applications that necessitate non-contact technology.
For more information about Drexelbrook level instruments in New England, contact Piping Specialties / PSI Controls. Call 800-223-1468 or visit https://psi-team.com.
The operation of industrial processes is a delicate balance of efficiency, safety, and maintenance. A crucial part of maintaining this balance is ensuring the smooth operation of material handling systems, which often employ chutes to transport bulk materials. One common complication these systems face is the problem of chute blockages or plugging, a critical issue that can lead to costly downtime, equipment damage, and potential safety hazards.
Plugged chute detection technologies mitigate these challenges, offering early detection and warning of chute blockages. However, the effectiveness of these technologies varies, and understanding their characteristics is essential for making an informed decision.
Plugged chute detection technologies fall into three broadly classified groups, mechanical, acoustic, and electromagnetic methods.
Mechanical systems, such as tilt switches and paddle wheel indicators, are simple and inexpensive but prone to mechanical failure and false alarms due to vibration or material buildup. They also require regular maintenance to function effectively.
Acoustic detectors, on the other hand, utilize microphones to listen for changes in the acoustic signature of material flow. While this can be an effective method, it is sensitive to environmental noise and requires sophisticated signal processing to distinguish between normal and blocked flow.
Electromagnetic methods include capacitive probes, microwave radar, and RF Admittance. These offer non-contact detection and are less prone to false alarms and mechanical failures—however, the material's properties, environmental conditions, and installation setup affect their performance and application.
After an extensive review of these technologies, RF Admittance emerges as the overall best selection for plugged chute detection for several reasons:
Reliability
RF Admittance technology uses a probe to measure changes in the dielectric constant (a property of materials that affects their response to an electric field) between the sensor and the chute wall. When the chute is clear, the admittance (the measure of how easily a circuit or device allows an electric current to pass) between the probe and chute wall will be at one level, and when the chute is blocked, the admittance will change significantly. This reliable detection method leads to fewer false alarms than mechanical and acoustic systems.
Resistance to Material Buildup
One of the significant advantages of RF Admittance technology is its resistance to material buildup on the probe. The technology uses a driven shield construction that ensures only the material near the active sensor affects the reading. This feature helps to eliminate the risk of false alarms due to material buildup, a common issue in other technologies.
Versatility
RF Admittance technology works with various materials, regardless of their conductive or non-conductive properties, making it a versatile solution in different industries handling multiple types of bulk materials.
The Drexelbrook Plugged Chute Detector consistently identifies whether material is flowing through chutes. If the material ceases to flow due to a blockage, an alarm from the flush-mounted capacitance sensing element will be triggered, prompting further necessary actions such as notifying an operator or shutting down a conveyor belt.
The Drexelbrook detector, also known as a blocked chute switch, reliably tracks the presence or absence of bulk solids material in chutes without compromising flow speed. This cost-effective device ensures the continuous flow of materials.
Its robust sensor design makes this point-level switch optimal for handling materials such as coal, wood chips, ores, and powders. Since it is flush mounted through a chute wall, there is no protrusion into the chute to hinder or obstruct material flow.
The point-level switch can automatically identify and disregard coatings, thus preventing false alarms. It features a universal power supply that auto-detects and adjusts to the input power source.
Unlike similar technologies, the point-level switch for detecting plugged chutes permits remote electronics installation at a convenient or safer location.
The dependable detection of plugged chutes ensures smooth plant operations and significantly reduces the chance of spills due to blockages.
Key Features: